• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a device for evaporating a single liquid, such as black liquor, comprising at least one vapor compression evaporator comprising at least one heat transfer unit and one means for increasing the vapor pressure, and a series-connected multi-power evaporator, the respective evaporation power and having an at least one heating unit. lines for directing a liquid from the evaporative heat transfer unit to another unit and lines for supplying water vapor to the respective unit and for discharging steam therefrom which is generated during the evaporation of the liquid. A unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected multi-power evaporator are connected in such a way that vapors generated in the units during the evaporation of the liquid are led to a common space connected to at least one diffuser for increasing the vapor pressure to conduct some of the vapor therein. to return it after the pressure increase to the unit of the steam compression evaporator as a heating medium. A second part of the steam can be led into the next power of the series-connected multi-power evaporator_
    公开号:SE1050514A1
    申请号:SE1050514
    申请日:2008-10-23
    公开日:2010-05-24
    发明作者:Peter Koistinen；Petri Tikka
    申请人:Andritz Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Solution, raised with water vapor by means of an ejector, or mechanically by means of a compressor or a fan so high that this vapor can be used as a heating medium of the same power. The compression is needed to raise the saturation temperature of the steam to generate a sufficient temperature difference in relation to the evaporation effect. The increase in the saturation temperature must be greater than the increase in the boiling point. Since the power requirement of the compressor or fan is in relation to the increase in pressure, steam compression evaporation has most often been used when the raising of the boiling point is low. A limiting factor for mechanical vapor compression in black liquor evaporation is the increase in the boiling point of the black liquor. As the dry matter content of the black liquor increases, the boiling point increase increases rapidly and the available temperature difference is reduced. In practice, the use of fan evaporators in the sulphate pulp industry is limited to pre-evaporators, where liquid is evaporated to a dry matter content of about 20-25%. Pre-evaporation is typically followed by the multi-effect evaporation described above to increase the solids content of the black liquor to a preferred solids content, typically 75-85%, up to 90%, for incineration in the recovery boiler. Typically, drop film evaporators are suitable for use as compression evaporators because they are operated efficiently even with small temperature differences.
    The economic usefulness of steam compression evaporation is due to the fact that the price of electrical energy is low enough compared to the price of available heat energy. An advantage of this evaporation method is that no external water vapor source is needed.
    Finnish patent publication 51835 (US 3475281) describes an evaporator, where for example black liquor is first evaporated in a steam compression evaporator, and where vapors discharged from the evaporator are compressed with a compressor and returned to the same effect as a heat source. In a second evaporation effect, the liquor is further concentrated by means of steam as a heating medium which is separated from condensate which is discharged from the steam compression evaporator. Finnish patent publication 118131 (EP 839949) discloses a device for increasing the capacity of a multi-power evaporator for black liquor so that the pressure of discharged steam from at least one evaporator is increased by means of a compressor or a fan. Steam at the higher pressure is led into the following evaporation effect as a heating medium, so the question does not apply to so-called steam compression evaporation_ As the prices of extra fuel and green electricity, which term usually refers to electricity produced by other than fossil fuels, increase continuously, various plant solutions reduce water vapor consumption. at the factory more and more cost-effective. As water vapor consumption decreases, the factory balance will either save extra fuel or more electricity will be available for the condensate part of a turbine for electricity production. Pulp factories tend to sell more energy due to increased economic interest. In addition to chemical pulp mills, other production facilities, such as paper mills, are also aiming for more efficient and more economical energy consumption.
    The energy consumption of a mechanical vapor compression pre-evaporator, which can also be called a fan pre-evaporator if a fan is used, compared to, for example, an evaporator with 7 series-connected effects, when counting money, is often as much as 70% lower. Previous fan pre-evaporation plants have been used at a sulphate pulp mill, mainly to obtain extra capacity for the evaporation plant. Only a part of the required total evaporation can be carried out at the fan pre-evaporation plant, as too high a dry matter content of the lye to be evaporated increases the boiling point increase and a high pressure increase from the fan or compressor is needed, which increases energy consumption.
    An object of the present invention is to provide a method for coupling vapor compression evaporation to a device for evaporating liquids, such as to a multi-power evaporation plant for black liquor which is known per se, in a manner which is more advantageous both in terms of equipment and in terms of economic aspects.
    To achieve these objects, the present invention relates to a device for evaporating a liquid, such as black liquor, comprising at least one steam compression evaporator including at least one heat transfer unit and a device for increasing the steam pressure, and a series-connected multi-power evaporator, the respective evaporating power comprising at least one heat transfer surface unit and which has conduits for conducting a liquid from one evaporative heat transfer unit to another unit and conduits for supplying water vapor to the respective unit and for discharging therefrom steam generated during the evaporation of the liquid. The device according to the invention is characterized in that a unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected multi-power evaporator are connected so that vapors generated in the units during the evaporation of the liquid are led to a common space which is connected to at least one diffuser for increasing the steam pressure. to direct some of the steam therein and to return it after the pressure increase into the unit of the steam compression evaporator plant as a heating medium.
    Preferably, the common space is further connected to a line for guiding a part of the vapors into a next evaporation effect of the series-connected power output evaporation plant.
    The device according to the invention can be applied in connection with multi-power evaporation plants for different liquids at different production plants.
    Preferably, the invention can be applied to the evaporation of liquids generated or produced in pulp and paper mills. In addition to black liquor, these types of liquids in a chemical pulp factory also include, for example, washing and bleaching filtrates of pulp as well as liquids originating from sewage treatment. Other liquids, in addition to liquids generated in sulphate pulp production, can also be evaporated in accordance with the invention. These include processes of the type TMP (thermomechanical pulp boiling), CTMP (chemical thermomechanical pulp boiling) and APMP (thermomechanical pulping with alkaline peroxide). In order to replace fossil energy sources, factories can also be equipped with production facilities for other energy sources, such as biodiesel and ethanol, whose production gives rise to various liquids, whereby evaporation can be included as a sub-process in the treatment of these.
    The invention is implemented in accordance with a preferred embodiment so that a unit of the steam compression evaporator and an evaporator unit of the series-connected multi-power evaporator are arranged in a common vessel with casing, i.e. in one and the same evaporator. Thus, a single evaporator has two heat transfer surface units, one of which as heat medium uses steam generated in a previous power of the multi-power evaporator, and the other uses steam coming from the device to increase the steam pressure. When the liquid is evaporated on an outer surface of the heat transfer surfaces, steam generated during evaporation enters the same space defined by the casing and is typically discharged via a conduit or conduits arranged in the casing, typically at the upper part thereof. A part of this steam is used in a subsequent evaporation effect which is at a lower pressure, whereby a part of the steam receives a pressure increase and is returned as heating medium into the unit of the steam compression evaporator.
    A device for falling film evaporation can preferably be used as a heat transfer surface unit, where the evaporation surface is formed by a number of lamellae or tubes. Preferably, the liquid to be evaporated, such as black liquor, flows on the outer surface of the lamellae or on the inner surface of the tubes, while the heating water vapor is conducted inside the lamellae or to the outside of the tubes. For example, in plate-type drop film evaporators with slats, almost all or all of the vertical part of the evaporation surface is in contact with the surrounding steam space, leaving free space between the heat transfer elements for releasing the steam generated on their surface. In an evaporator operated according to the free-fall film principle, the steam flows freely into a space defined by a vessel with casing, in which vessel the heat transfer element units are located. The generated steam flows substantially vertically upwards in the free space between the heat transfer element units and the wall of the vessel with the casing to the upper part of the vessel. Normally, the steam is collected in a drip separator and allowed to flow out of the upper part of the vessel. Each of the effects of a series-connected multi-power evaporator comprises a heat transfer unit arranged inside the housing or several heat transfer units connected in parallel, each of which is arranged inside a housing.
    A fan or a compressor acts as a device for increasing the water meadow pressure.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, a unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected multi-power evaporator are arranged inside a common housing, i.e. in a common device for evaporation. Thus, a single device has two heat transfer surface units, one of which as heat medium uses steam generated in a previous power of the series-connected multi-power evaporator, and the other uses steam coming from the device to increase the steam pressure. In the units, the secondary vapors generated during the evaporation of the liquid are led into a common space, which is a secondary vapor space of the evaporator, and from where they are according to one embodiment discharged together via a common conduit. This discharge line is connected in the steam flow direction with a subsequent evaporation effect, whereby a part of the steam is introduced directly as a heating medium. Said discharge line is furthermore connected to a device for increasing the pressure in order to increase the vapor pressure and to return some of the vapors after the pressure increase into the unit of the vapor compression evaporator plant as a heating medium.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, a unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected evaporative power evaporator are arranged inside a common housing so that a common space for secondary steam is partly divided by means of an intermediate wall so that the wall is provided with an opening or openings for equalizing the pressure between the parts formed by the intermediate wall inside the housing. One purpose of dividing the common steam space into a partially combined steam space is to increase the separation of impure condensate. It is known that when a liquid, such as feed liquor or thin black liquor, is evaporated for the first time, a large amount of substances (for example methanol) boil with a boiling point lower than that of water removed first. When these vapors together with water vapor are led as heating medium via a compressor or a fan into the bottom part of an evaporative heat unit of the same power or into the bottom part of a subsequent power steam heating side of a series-connected evaporator, water is mainly first condensed therefrom when the mixture flows upwards. one approaches the upper part, whereby the vapor pressure decreases, other vapors condense more and more. Volatile substances (such as methanol) accumulate in condensate which is collected separately at the last part of the heat transfer surface (a so-called segregation part for condensate) and this condensate is called impure condensate.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, said unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected multi-power evaporator are arranged inside separate vessels with casings. The discharge of secondary vapors formed therein from the housings is arranged in a common space which is connected to a means for increasing the vapor pressure to return a part of the vapors to the unit of the vapor compression evaporator plant as a heating medium.
    Preferably, the space is further connected to a conduit for conducting some of the vapors into a next evaporation effect of the series-connected multi-power evaporation plant. According to one method, both housings are provided with a discharge conduit, which conduits outside the housings join in a space connected to both the means for increase in the vapor pressure and 10 15 20 25 30 8 with a following effect of the series-connected fl power evaporator. The connection of the discharge lines can also be made so that the steam discharge line of a vessel with casing is connected to the meadow space of the next vessel with casing, which meadow space functions as a common space and from which secondary meadows are partly taken into the means for increasing meadow pressure. the meadows into a unit of the meadow compression evaporator as a heating medium and partly directly into another effect of the series-connected multi-power evaporator as a heating medium.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the discharge, i.e. the ventilation of non-condensable gases generated in a unit of the meadow compression evaporator, is performed by means of the respective means of the multi-power evaporator. The invention is described in more detail with reference to the following figures, wherein Fig. 1 schematically shows in detail an arrangement of a unit of a meadow compression evaporator in connection with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 schematically shows a connection of a meadow compression evaporator. plant with a multi-power evaporation plant according to the invention, and Fig. 3 schematically shows another preferred device in accordance with the invention.
    The invention is described in more detail by applying it to black liquor evaporation. Fig. 1 shows an evaporator with a housing 2, inside which a heat transfer surface unit 4 of a meadow compression evaporator 10 and a heat transfer surface unit 3 of a power evaporator are arranged, both of which are operated according to the falling film principle. In this embodiment, the heat transfer surface units consist of a number of lamellae, to which internal hot steam is fed, and the liquid to be evaporated flows on the outer surface thereof. Thereby, liquid is heated by indirect contact with the water vapor inside the heat transfer surface units. Instead of slats, pipes can also be used, whereby the liquid can flow on the inner or outer surface thereof.
    Black liquor, feed liquor or liquor from a previous evaporation effect to be evaporated is fed via a pipe 5 into the lower part of the evaporator, from where the liquid is pumped by means of a pump 6 via a pipe 7 into a distribution device 19 arranged above the heat transfer units. In the distribution device, the liquid flows through openings or the equivalent to the outer surface of the lamellae, where liquid is evaporated. Liquid to be evaporated is discharged to a subsequent evaporation effect via a line 13. A heat transfer unit of the multi-power evaporation plant receives as heating medium typically steam via a pipe 8 from a previous evaporation effect which is operated at a higher pressure. The heat transfer surface unit 4 of the steam compression evaporator system receives water vapor from a compressor 9 via a line 12 as a heating medium.
    Since the heat transfer surface unit 4 of the steam compression evaporator and the heat transfer surface unit 3 of the multi-power evaporator are located in a common housing 2, vapors evaporated from black liquor on their outer surface are led into a common space, which in this embodiment consists of the upper part 18. with casing. A conduit or channel 10 is connected thereto. The pipe 10 is provided with a device 9 for increasing the steam pressure, which is typically a compressor or a fan. In the device 9 for increasing the pressure, the steam pressure is increased to a level at which the steam can be returned as a heating medium back to the same effect, into the steam compression heat transfer surface unit 4. A branch pipe 11 is also connected to pipe 10, via which branch pipe a part of the steam discharged from the evaporator 1 is taken as heating medium into another evaporation effect.
    In the heat transfer surface units 3 and 4, the heating water vapors form condensate which is discharged via the pipes 15 and 16 into an expansion tank and from there further via a line 17 into the condensate treatment of the multi-power evaporator. The non-condensable gases generated in said units are also discharged via a common line 14 for further treatment.
    An advantage of the present invention is a better possibility to use apparatus, such as transfer pipe systems for liquor and water vapor, condensate systems and vacuum systems of a multi-power evaporator, compared to known couplings.
    Figure 2 shows a series-connected multi-power evaporation plant for black liquor which has 7 effects. In this case, the evaporator comprises sequential effects I-VII, which are driven at pressures and temperatures which sequentially decrease in the direction of steam flow. The final evaporation effect I of the liquor includes steps IA and IB. The evaporators shown in Figure 2 are falling film evaporators with slats, but other evaporators suitable for black liquor evaporation can also be used in this case. Figure 2 uses the same reference number as Figure 1 when applicable.
    For evaporation, the factory's fresh steam is typically fed via a channel 30 into stages IA and IB of evaporation power I so that it heats the black liquor and at the same time condenses. In evaporating power I, steam is separated from black liquor, which steam is taken as heating medium into power II via a channel 31. In evaporating power II, steam which is at a lower temperature than in evaporating power I is separated, which steam is further fed into a subsequent evaporating power III via a channel 32. Accordingly, the secondary vapors separated from the black liquor in the evaporation effects III, IV, V and VI are taken to a respective subsequent evaporation power IV, V, VI and VII, for heating and evaporating the black liquor.
    The barrel liquor (supply liquor) is introduced via a line 5 'in power IV, from which it flows via a line 13 into power VII. Lye from power VII is introduced for evaporation in power VI via a line 40 and further into power V via a line 41 to form intermediate liquor in a line 42. The intermediate liquor is passed on to power lll, from where the lye is taken via evaporation power II to a final evaporation I equipped with two steps IA and IB, which are connected in series on the slope side. Lye is first evaporated in step IB, from which it is passed to step IA to evaporate the lye to a high solids content, i.e. about 75-90%. The concentrated combustion liquor is discharged via a line 43 for combustion.
    In the last power VII, the steam produced is taken via a line 33 to the vacuum system of the evaporator, where it is cooled, for example, by means of cooling water in a surface condenser (vacuum condenser) (not shown).
    In accordance with the invention, a vapor compression evaporator is connected to the first evaporator power, relative to the flow direction of the black liquor, of a series-connected multi-power evaporator. The connection is similar to that presented in more detail in Figure 1. Power IV is provided with a heat transfer surface unit 4 'of a steam compression evaporator and a heat transfer surface unit 3' of a multi-effect evaporator, which are operated according to the fall film principle and are located inside a common housing. The feed sludge 5 'is inserted into the lower part of the evaporator of evaporation power IV, from where the lye is pumped via a distributor to the outer surface of the heat transfer surface units 3' and 4 ', whereby when the lye flows downwards on the surface, steam is evaporated therefrom. The secondary steam formed during evaporation is discharged from the upper part of the evaporator via a line 10. A part of the steam is taken to the next evaporation effect V in the steam flow direction. A part of the steam is again led into a device 9 for increasing the steam pressure which is arranged in a line 10, the steam pressure increasing so that this steam can be returned as heating medium into the heat transfer unit 4 'of the steam compression evaporator The condensates 17 and 23 generated in the heat transfer units can be treated in the condensate treatment system of the multi-power evaporator.
    Figure 3 shows an alternative construction of the embodiment of Figure 1. In Figure 3, which uses the same reference numerals as Figure 1 and Figure 2 when applicable, the heat transfer surface unit 4 of the steam compression evaporator and the heat transfer surface unit 3 of the multi-power evaporator are separated by a light intermediate wall. The secondary steam formed in the units enters a common space, since the intermediate wall is provided with an opening 21 or openings for equalizing the pressure on both sides of the intermediate wall 20. The construction increases the separation of impure condensate.
    The weak feed closure is introduced via a conduit 5 into the evaporator unit to the bottom of the vessel with casing 2, from where it is pumped by means of a pump 6 'via a conduit 7' into a distributor arranged above the steam compression heat transfer unit 4. The liquor flows downwards on the outer surface of the heat transfer unit 4, and the concentrated liquor is discharged via a line 25 into a suitable evaporation effect. Generated secondary steam is led via a line 10 "which is arranged in the upper part of the housing to a device 9 for increasing the pressure. Steam at an elevated pressure is led via a line 12 into the lower part of the interior of a heat transfer unit 4, where the steam As the steam flows upwards, mainly water evaporates first, and as the steam approaches the upper part and as the pressure of the water vapor decreases, more and more other vapors will evaporate. Volatile substances (such as methanol) accumulate to condensate which collects separately from the final part of the heat transfer surface (a so-called segregation part for condensate), which final part is separated by a short intermediate wall 22. This condensing part is called impure condensate, which is discharged via a line 23. 10 15 20 25 30 13 Lut is introduced into the heat transfer unit 3 of the multi-power evaporator, which unit is placed in the vessel with housing 2, from the secondary evaporating power via a hinge ing 26. The liquid is taken by means of a pump 6 "via a line 7" into the upper part of said unit and is caused to flow downwards on its outer surface. Evaporated secondary steam is discharged from the casing 2 via a line 10 'and is taken in the direction of steam flow into the next evaporation effect. The separation of condensate can also be performed in this unit in the same way as described above. The pure condensate is discharged from the lower part of the interior of the heat transfer units via lines 15 and 16 and further via a line 17. Non-condensable gases are discharged via a line 14. An advantage of the invention is that the treatment of the condensate and the treatment of the non-condensable gases can be performed with the same device, i.e. the devices of the multi-power evaporator, and that the steam compression evaporator does not need its own, separate devices.
    By connecting the steam compression pre-evaporation plant for black liquor to the multi-power evaporation plant in accordance with the invention, at least the following advantages can be achieved: - the number of equipment, pipe systems, etc., needed at the steam compression evaporator plant is reduced, as it is possible to make better use of common systems for liquor and steam, the condensate system and the vacuum system. - water vapor consumption is reduced compared to a multi-power evaporator, whereby more water vapor can be used, for example for the production of electrical energy - in terms of economy, the connection of the steam compression-evaporator and the series-connected evaporator with 7 effects shown in Figure 2 is a series-connected multi-power evaporation plant with 9-11 effects depending on the balance of the factory and the price of extra fuel and electricity.
    Thus, remarkable cost savings are obtained, and moreover, in accordance with the invention, the number of equipments needed is less. 10 14 The same advantages are also obtained in connection with the evaporation of other liquids.
    While the invention has been shown and described herein in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications may be made within the scope of the invention, which should be given the broadest possible interpretation. in accordance with the appended claims to cover all corresponding systems and processes.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    An apparatus for evaporating a liquid, comprising at least one vapor compression evaporator comprising at least one heat transfer unit and a means for increasing the vapor pressure, and a series-connected multi-power evaporator, the respective evaporation effects of which comprise at least one heat transfer unit and having a conduit for conducting evaporation heat transfer unit to another unit and lines for supplying water vapor to the respective unit and for discharging therefrom steam generated during the evaporation of the liquid, characterized in that a unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected multi-power evaporator are coupled to the vapors during the evaporation of the liquid is led to a common space which is connected to at least one device for increasing the vapor pressure in order to conduct a part of the steam therein and for returning it after the pressure increase to the unit of vapor compression window. nstningsanläggningen as a heating medium.
    [2]
    Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the common space is further connected to a line for guiding a part of the steam into a following effect of the series-connected fl effect evaporation plant_
    [3]
    Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected multi-power evaporator are arranged inside one and the same housing.
    [4]
    Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the secondary vapors formed during evaporation of the liquid in the units of the steam compression evaporator and the series-connected multi-power evaporator are discharged from the common space via a common line, which discharge line in the steam flow direction is connected to a next evaporation effect, a part of the vapors being taken directly as a heating medium, and which discharge line is connected to the device for increasing the pressure to increase the vapor pressure and to return some of the vapors after the pressure increase into the unit. of the steam compression evaporation plant as a heating medium.
    [5]
    Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected multi-power evaporator are arranged inside a common housing so that a common space for secondary steam is partly divided by means of an intermediate wall so that the intermediate wall has an opening or openings for equalizing the pressure between the parts formed by the intermediate wall inside the housing, and secondary vapors are discharged via separate discharge lines so that a discharge line in the steam flow direction is connected to the next evaporation effect where some of the vapors are taken directly as a heating medium and a discharge line is connected to the device for increasing the pressure to increase the steam pressure and for returning some of the vapors after the pressure increase into the unit of the steam compression evaporator plant as a heating medium.
    [6]
    Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected power evaporator are arranged inside separate housings and that the discharge of secondary vapors formed in them is arranged in a common space, which space is connected to the device for increasing the pressure to conduct some of the vapors therein and to return them to the unit of the vapor compression evaporator as a heating medium, and the space is also connected to a conduit for directing some of the vapors into a next effect of the series-connected multi-power evaporator.
    [7]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a unit of the steam compression evaporator and a unit of the series-connected multi-power evaporator form an effect of a multi-effect evaporator where pre-evaporation of black liquor is carried out in a chemical pulp mill. 10 17
    [8]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device for increasing the steam pressure is a fan or a compressor.
    [9]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the discharge and the treatment of the condensates generated in the unit by the steam compression evaporator are handled with intended devices of the multi-power evaporator.
    [10]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the discharge of non-condensable gases generated in the unit by the steam compression evaporator system, i.e. the ventilation, is carried out by means of means of the multi-power evaporator system.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AR069015A1|2009-12-23|
    WO2009053518A2|2009-04-30|
    BRPI0818683A2|2015-04-14|
    BRPI0818683B1|2018-11-21|
    CL2008003123A1|2009-11-06|
    WO2009053518A3|2009-06-04|
    FI20070812A0|2007-10-26|
    FI20070812A|2009-04-27|
    FI122534B|2012-03-15|
    SE534903C2|2012-02-07|
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    JP6456407B2|2014-02-20|2019-01-23|アンドリッツ オイ|Evaporator|
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    法律状态:
    2015-03-17| OPRJ| Opposition has been rejected|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20070812A|FI122534B|2007-10-26|2007-10-26|Arrangement for evaporation of black liquor|
    PCT/FI2008/000114|WO2009053518A2|2007-10-26|2008-10-23|Arrangement for evaporating liquids|
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